If you’re considering officially becoming an entrepreneur in Spain, then you’re already set for the first steps. Based on my own journey of trial and error, here’s a step-by-step guide to make the process as smooth and stress-free as possible.
Step 1: Getting Your NIE and Registering Your Address
The first thing you’ll need is a NIE (Número de Identificación de Extranjero), a foreigner ID number essential for any legal activities in Spain. To get your NIE, here’s what you’ll need:
- Gather documents: passport, proof of address (which could be anything from a rental contract to utility bills), completed application form, and proof of tax payment.
- Head to the nearest Extranjería (immigration office) or a large police station (smaller ones won’t handle this).
- Schedule an appointment — this may take some time, as appointment availability is often limited.
Once you’ve got your NIE, you’ll be able to register your address and move on to the next steps.
Step 2: Registering with the Tax Agency (Hacienda)
Next up is registering with Hacienda (the tax agency). Here’s where you’ll need to dig into your patience reserves and:
- Fill out the Modelo 036 or Modelo 037 form — these forms differ, so make sure to check which one is right for your type of business.
- Specify your activity code (Código CNAE) and choose your tax regime (simplified or regular).
- Receive your tax ID and confirmation of registration — now, you’re officially on Spain’s tax radar.
This step is key because Hacienda will be monitoring your tax obligations and income reporting from now on.
Step 3: Registering for Social Security (Seguridad Social)
After registering with the tax agency, it’s time for another round of patience as you register for social security. This step is crucial, as your contributions entitle you to healthcare and social benefits. Here’s how it goes:
- Go to your nearest Seguridad Social office.
- Submit the TA0521 form to register as an autónomo.
- Begin paying monthly contributions, which average around €300 (there are often discounts or lower rates for new entrepreneurs).
At this stage, they’ll also outline your rights to social benefits and insurance coverage.
Step 4: Opening a Bank Account
To run your business, you’ll need a bank account in your name as an autónomo. This account will be used for paying taxes, social security, and, of course, receiving income. Getting a bank account with a Russian passport might mean you’ll need to visit a few branches and appeal directly to a bank manager to find someone who’s both helpful and willing to open your account. But with some persistence, you’ll make it happen.
Tip: Choose a bank with a solid reputation and good terms for entrepreneurs. Some banks offer special autónomo packages, like reduced fees and flexible credit conditions.
Step 5: Reporting and Paying Taxes
From here on out, tax obligations will be a regular part of your life. You’ll need to report your income and pay taxes at specific intervals, depending on your income level and tax regime. Generally, this involves:
- Quarterly income reports (Modelo 130)
- Annual report (Modelo 390) and income declaration (Modelo 100)
- IVA (VAT) payments if your business activity requires it
To make life a bit easier, you can hire an accountant or gestor to handle all the paperwork and filings, especially if you’d rather focus on running your business.
While it can be a bit of a grind, becoming an autónomo opens up real opportunities for legal work and access to social benefits in Spain. With some patience and persistence, you’ll get there.
